Examining the Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Mental Health Outcomes in Urban and Rural Populations of Ibadan

Abstract

Socioeconomic status (SES) encompasses income, education, and occupation, exerting a profound influence on mental health outcomes. Lower SES is linked with increased psychological distress due to heightened exposure to stressors and limited access to resources. This cross-sectional study explores the association between SES and mental health outcomes among urban and rural populations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Using stratified sampling, 600 participants were selected, and data were gathered through validated instruments including the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and a SES scale. Findings indicated a significant negative correlation between SES and mental health outcomes (r = -0.45, p < 0.01). Rural residents exhibited higher psychological distress compared to their urban counterparts. These findings highlight the critical need for socioeconomic and mental health interventions aimed at mitigating disparities. Future research should consider longitudinal designs to better understand the causative pathways linking SES and mental health.